Exam References

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  2. Berger, R. Wrist. Surgical Anatomy of the Hand and Upper Extremity 2003, 437-531.

  3. Chang JN, S; Adams, JE; et al. Tendon. In: Hammert WC, RP; Bozentka, DJ; Boyer, MI, editor. ASSH Manual of Hand Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. p. 93e144.

  4. Culp R, Jacoby S. Musculoskeletal Examination of the Elbow, Wrist and Hand: Making the Complex Simple.  New Jersey: SLACK Incorporated, 2012.

  5. Doyle JR. Hand and Wrist. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006.

  6. Elson RA. Rupture of the central slip of the extensor hood of the finger. A test for early diagnosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1986;68(2):229-31.  PMID: 3958008

  7. Gelberman RH, Blasingame JP. The timed Allen test. J Trauma. 1981;21(6):477-9.  PMID: 7230303

  8. Gelberman RH, Szabo RM, Williamson RV, Dimick MP. Sensibility testing in peripheral-nerve compression syndromes. An experimental study in humans. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983;65(5):632-8. PMID: 6853569

  9. Gelberman RH, Blasingame JP, Fronek A, Dimick MP. Forearm arterial injuries.  J Hand Surg Am, 1979: 4(5):401-408.  PMID: 501048

  10. Hammert WC, RP; Bozentka, DJ; Boyer, MI, editor. ASSH Manual of Hand Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. 

  11. Hislop JH, Avers D, Brown M. Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing, Techniques of Manual Examination and Performance Testing. 9th ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders, 2014, pp. 138–202.

  12. Hunt CA, Kingsley JR.  Vascular injuries of the upper extremity.  The Southern Medical Journal, 2000; 93:466-468.  PMID: 10832942

  13. Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG. Muscles Testing and Function. 4th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1993, pp. 235–298.

  14. Kenney RJ, Hammert WC. Physical examination of the hand. J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39(11):2324-34; quiz 34.  PMID: 25442747

  15. Keyston, E. History and Physical Examination of the Musculoskeletal System. Kelley and Firestein’s Textbook of Rheumatology 2017;10th ed.:587-604.

  16. Micev AJ, Ivy AD, Aggarwal SK, et al. Cervical Radiculopathy and Myelopathy: Presentations in the Hand. J Hand Surg Am2013;38(12):2478-81. PMID: 24054072

  17. Palmer, A. K., Werner, F. W., Murphy, D., et al. Functional wrist motion: a biomechanical study. J Hand Surg Am 1985;10:39-46.  PMID: 3968403

  18. Rayan G, Akelman E. The Hand: Anatomy, Examination and Diagnosis. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011.

  19. Rayan GM, Murray D. Classification and treatment of closed sagittal band injuries. J Hand Surg Am. 1994;19(4):590-4.  PMID: 7963312

  20. Rothkopf DM, Bhu B, Gonzalez F, Borah G, Ashmead D, Dunn R. Radial and ulnar artery repairs: Assessing patency rates with color Doppler ultrasonographic imaging.  J Hand Surg Am, 1993; 18(4):626-628.  PMID: 8349969

  21. Tonkin MA, Hughes J, Smith KL. Lateral band translocation for swan-neck deformity. J Hand Surg Am. 1992;17(2):260-7.  PMID: 1564271

  22. Varghese JG, Venugopal V, Srinivasan V, Priya GG.  A study on the normative values of finger flexion cascade in power grip users and non-power grip users.  J Clin of Diagn Res. 2020;14(5):YC01-YC07. https://www.doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2020/43340/13677

  23. Virk MR, CM. History and physical examination. In: Weiss AG, CA; Hentz, VR; Raven III, RB; Slutskey, DJ; Steinman, SP, editor. The American Society for Surgery of the Hand: Textbook of Hand & Upper Extremity Surgery. Chicago, IL: American Society for Surgery of the Hand; 2013. p. 33e48.

  24. Wolfe SW HR, Pederson WC, Kozin SH, editor. Green's Operative Hand Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2011. 

  25. Wright-Chisem J, Trehan S. The Hand and Wrist Examination for Video Telehealth Encounters. HSS J. 2021;17(1):70-4. PMID: 33967645

  26. Young D, Papp S, Giachino A. Physical examination of the wrist. Hand Clin. 2010;26(1):21-36.  PMID: 20006241